LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT...

There are three levels in management

1)Top Level Management

                                              Top Level Management has performs various functions:

a) Determining Objective:

                                         Top level management set objective for whole the organization which have to be accomplish with the efforts of every employee in the organization.

For example: An objective is set by top management that in the following year the sales of the company has to cross Rs1,000 crore.

b) Determining Policies:

                                      Only at this level policies related to achievement of the objective are formed.Through this all employee will follow these policies and smooth working play in the organization.

For Example: It can be sales policy of a company to just make cash sales only.

c) Determining Activities:

                                      Every organization has to be performed different activities for fulfilment of an objective. So top management decide what type of activities are taken so that our objective can achieve.

For example: Sales, purchase, advertisement, production, research, etc.

d) Assembling Resources:

                                        In this level all the needed resources are assembled which are mainly required for achieving common goal (Organization goal) and for smooth working in an organization. This is very important in realisation of an objective of an organisation.

For example: Capital, raw-material, fixed assets, etc.

e) Approving Budgets:

                                   Every organizations manager's are prepared and show their budgets but final shape i.e. approval is given by top level management. 

2) Middle Level Management

                                                 Middle Level Management has also perform various function:

a) Interpreting Policies:

                                    Only at this level, policies which is framed by top level here are interpreted. It means policy are clearly defines to the subordinate's of manager's. Like marketing manager introduces his/her salesman to the sales policy of the company that at no cost credit sales will made.

b) Preparing Organization set-up:

                                                   In this, every middle level manager prepares outline of his respective department in accordance with the objective of the organisation. Through all this smooth working is going on

and achieve organizational goal.

c) Approving Employees:

                                       In Middle Level Management, every departmental manager appoints employees to fulfil the activities of his/her department. So here employees are appoint so that smooth working can play by manager in an organization.

d) Issuing Instructions:

                                    In this departmental manager's direct their subordinates about what to do and why they have to do. Manager's also arrange needful resources which is required for achieving organizational goal.

e)Motivating Employees:

                                      Middle Level manager's motivate their employees (subordinates) by various means so that they work most efficiently to achieve organizational objectives.

3) Lower Level Management:

                                                  Lower Level Management has also perform some functions:

a) Submitting Worker's Grievances:

                                                        Lower Level manager's are in direct contact with the workmen employees. They themselves sort out the ordinary problems of workmen and submits serious worker grievances to the middle level manager.

b) Ensuring Proper Working Environment:

                                                                   Lower Level manager ensure that proper arrangement of water, electricity, ventilation, cleanliness, etc.is made at the work place. This increase efficiency of worker.

c) Ensuring Safety of Worker's:

                                                    In this manager's ensure safety of their subordinates and worker by providing them proper training of work, by providing good machinery, etc.

d) Helping Middle Level Management:

                                                             Lower Level Management also help Middle Level Management in:

-Recruiting

-Training

-Promoting employees.

e) Inviting Suggestions:

                                        At lower level suggestions are invited by manager's from their subordinates, as how the quality of work can be improved.

                  

                                                    

        

                                                          

                                 

                                           

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

Five Functions of Management:

1) Planning 

                     Planning refers to thinking before hand. Under this it is decided :

      -What is to be done?

      - How it is to be done?

      -When it is to be done?

      -By whom it is to be done?

2) Organising

                          Adjustments of various elements to achieve common objectives. It involves determining activities needed to achieve the objectives, grouping these activities into departments, assigning such groups of activities of manager's and defining inter-relationship among various posts so that unnecessary activities can be eliminated.

3) Staffing

                  Refers to filling and keeping filled the posts with people. It ensures that competent persons are appointed. The chief activities undertaken in it are :

-Recruitment

-Selection

-Training

-Promotion

-Transfer, etc.

4) Directing

                    In this a manager is instructing, guiding, communicating, and inspiring people in the organization.

It includes four activities:

a) Supervision

                    Supervision means monitoring the progress of work of one's subordinates and guiding them properly.

b) Communication

                           It is an art of transferring facts, ideas, feelings, etc. from one person to another and making him understand them.

c) Leadership

                    This the quality which influence the people for achieving the goal of a group or an organization.

d) Motivation

                    This is a process which excites people to work for the achievement of a desired objective of the group or an organisation.

5)Controlling

                         Controlling refers to bring the actual results closer to desired results. Under controlling, deviations are are taken to be noticed in the actual work progress and the standards already determined, the causes of deviations are determined, the causes of deviations are found out and corrective action is taken so that in future the mistakes are not repeated.  

                   

MANAGEMENT INCLUDES.....?

It Includes:

* Management of business and profit making private and government run organisation.

* Management of non-profit making organisations.

* Management of trusts, societies, association, charitable organisation.

* Management of NGO's.

* Management of educational organisation e.g. universities, colleges, schools.

* Management of day care units.

* Management of hospitals and other health care organizations.

* Management of sports related organizations and clubs.

* Management of religious organizations.

* Management of governmental organizations.

MANAGER'S JOB

What is the job of The MANAGER'S in any type of organisation??

The job of the "manager" is extremely difficult to describe. Job description is exists, and at all will be different. The manager's have to deal with planning with so many interruption. On the top if the manager's is "fighting fires" and dealing with crises and unforeseen events, then getting task done becomes even more of a problem.

           The job description of a "manager" is also changes depending on what industry they are in. What type of "organisation culture" they are part of and whether they are junior or senior in the organisation. It can also depends on factors including how the managers gets rewarded, their own personality whether they in a for-profit or not-profit organisation.

                                        The term "manager" can be used in relation to all the various levels of the management in the company. Most of the time, the term "manager" is used to describe someone who supervise others. Some examples of managers job titles are:

-Team or area leader

-Front_line supervisor

-Mid-level manager

-Department head

-Vice-President

-President

-Officer

-Chief Officer

-Managing Director

-Deputy Officer 

If we look at the question, "what does a manager do" the is not straightforward!!

   

MANAGEMENT STORY

HOW MANAGEMENT WORKS....?

It's a fine sunny day in the forest and a lion is sitting outside his cave, lying lazily in the sun. Along comes a fox, out on a walk.

Fox: "Do you know the time, because my watch is broken"

Lion: "Oh, I can easily fix the watch for you"

Fox: "Hmm... But it's a very complicated mechanism, and your big claws will only destroy it even more."

Lion: "Oh no, give it to me, and it will be fixed"

Fox: "That's ridiculous! Any fool knows that lazy lions with great claws cannot fix complicated watches"

Lion: "Sure they do, give it to me and it will be fixed"

The lion disappears into his cave, and after a while he comes back with the watch which is running perfectly. The fox is impressed, and the lion continues to lie lazily in the sun, looking very pleased with himself.

Soon a wolf comes along and stops to watch the lazy lion in the sun.

Wolf: "Can I come and watch TV tonight with you, because mine is broken"

Lion: "Oh, I can easily fix your TV for you"

Wolf: "You don't expect me to believe such rubbish, do you? There is no way that a lazy lion with big claws can fix a complicated TV.

Lion: "No problem. Do you want to try it?"

The lion goes into his cave, and after a while comes back with a perfectly fixed TV. The wolf goes away happily and amazed.

Scene : Inside the lion's cave. In one corner are half a dozen small and intelligent looking rabbits who are busily doing very complicated work with very detailed instruments. In the other corner lies a huge lion looking very pleased with himself.

MORAL:

              IF U WANT TO KNOW WHY A MANAGER IS FAMOUS; LOOK AT THE WORK OF HIS SUBORDINATES

IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT

Question????Answer........

From the above introduction which  i give " MANAGEMENT" is clear what is it. So on this behalf we can understand and explain its importance also.
So a question is arise IMPORTANCE of MANAGEMENT in real life.

Ques.: Is MANAGEMENT is helpful in real life situations and Why??

Ans...:Yes MANAGEMENT is very helpful in real-life situations because of the following reasons:

1) HELP IN ACHIEVING GROUP GOAL:

                                                                       Management is very helpful in achieving goals because management is not required for its but for achieving the common goals of the organisation. Manager gives command to his/her sub-ordinates and put their efforts in a particular direction so that they achieve the group goal and then they finally achieve common goal of the organisation. Different groups have different goal in the organisation but all groups have one common goal i.e. earn more profit.

2)INCREASE EFFICIENCY:

                                              Management is done by manager and main job of a manager is to reduce cost and increase productivity through better planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling every activities of their group, team or organisation member.

3)HELP IN ACHIEVING PERSONAL OBJECTIVES:

                                                                                     Its main job of a manager to motivate his/her team members, so that they will work with the belongingness with organisation and when they work to achieve the common goal of the group they achieve their personal objectives also. 

Or sometimes manager motivates his/her team members in a way that.they have to achieve their personal objective only because managers know that,for achieving personal objective they have to work hard and when they work hard and achieve their personal objective ultimately group will achieve their goal and at last organisation will achieve their common goal. Personal objective like recognition,promotion, increment in salary,etc.

4)HELP IN DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY:

                                                                      Every organisation has multiple objectives to the purpose of different groups that constitute it. In the process of fulfilling all these, management helps in development of the organisation and through that helps in the development of the society. It helps to provide good quality of products and services at low cost, create employment opportunities in locality, adopt new technology for more production.

5)CREATES DYNAMIC ORGANISATION:

                                                                      We know that every organisation have to work in an environment which is constantly changing. Main thing is, it is seen that some individuals in an organisation resist change because they used a technique from a long time so they are used to from their old techniques that"s why they don't want any change. Here manager perform his play. He tells the main benefits of new techniques, tell his/her members how to operate this, from this how much time will reduce. So management helps people to adapt these changes so that organisation is able to maintain its competitive edge.

       

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

  We are the human being and surrounded by organised groups of many kinds like family, work group, a school, a business firm , a government , etc. An organisation is set of people working together for achieving common goal (Goal of the Organisation i.e.earning more profit). Wherever there is an organised group like a  organisation peoples working for achieving there goals then some type of MANAGEMENT is essential. No organisation can run smoothly or successfully unless someone to manage its activities. So management is an essential part of organised group activity. It is a primary force within the group or an organisation. And MANAGEMENT is a universal applicable in all types of organised, social and economical activities to achieve their goals.

Management has to required 5 things:

1)Planning

2)Organising

3)Staffing

4)Directing

5)Controlling

Without these management is never succeed. If all these is taken together, then management is proved better for any organisation or non-organisation. And, all this bring human beings and material resources together and motivates people for the achievement of the common goal.

OR

In simple words we can say MANAGEMENT is art of getting things done from other in an efficient and effective manner.

Efficient:

                 Performing or functioning in the best possible way with the less wastage of time, resources and human efforts also.

Effective:

                Adequate to complete a purpose like production done beyond the expectation.

Now some definitions which is given by great authors:

MARY PARKER FOLLETTE:  

"MANAGEMENT is the art of getting things done through others"

HENRY FAYOL:

"To manage is to forecast and plan,to organise,to command,to co-ordinate,and to control"

LOUIS ALLEN:

"MANAGEMENT is what manager does"